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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or similar hack exists, it will become a target, a prize for the bad guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no back door, and that's as it ought to be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disk that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each of the documents that you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, some products save your encrypted data in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial provided by each one of these products to have a sense of the different options.

After you copy a document into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disk, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products prevent this problem by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It is more common, though, try this site to offer safe deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery functions because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. this link It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the products gathered here support AES. Even This Site the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption expert, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is private, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make a digital signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it's all the evidence you need. PKI service is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.